stop tracking node_modules/

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 807 deletions

diff --git a/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/pylib/packaging/metadata.py b/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/pylib/packaging/metadata.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 38fa645..0000000
--- a/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/pylib/packaging/metadata.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,807 +0,0 @@
-import email.feedparser
-import email.header
-import email.message
-import email.parser
-import email.policy
-import sys
-import typing
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
-    Generic,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
-    Union,
-    cast,
-)
-
-from . import requirements, specifiers, utils, version as version_module
-
-T = typing.TypeVar("T")
-from typing import Literal, TypedDict
-
-try:
-    ExceptionGroup  # Added in Python 3.11+
-except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
-
-    class ExceptionGroup(Exception):  # noqa: N818
-        """A minimal implementation of :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` from Python 3.11.
-
-        If :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` is already defined by Python itself,
-        that version is used instead.
-        """
-
-        message: str
-        exceptions: List[Exception]
-
-        def __init__(self, message: str, exceptions: List[Exception]) -> None:
-            self.message = message
-            self.exceptions = exceptions
-
-        def __repr__(self) -> str:
-            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.message!r}, {self.exceptions!r})"
-
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    ExceptionGroup = ExceptionGroup
-
-
-class InvalidMetadata(ValueError):
-    """A metadata field contains invalid data."""
-
-    field: str
-    """The name of the field that contains invalid data."""
-
-    def __init__(self, field: str, message: str) -> None:
-        self.field = field
-        super().__init__(message)
-
-
-# The RawMetadata class attempts to make as few assumptions about the underlying
-# serialization formats as possible. The idea is that as long as a serialization
-# formats offer some very basic primitives in *some* way then we can support
-# serializing to and from that format.
-class RawMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
-    """A dictionary of raw core metadata.
-
-    Each field in core metadata maps to a key of this dictionary (when data is
-    provided). The key is lower-case and underscores are used instead of dashes
-    compared to the equivalent core metadata field. Any core metadata field that
-    can be specified multiple times or can hold multiple values in a single
-    field have a key with a plural name. See :class:`Metadata` whose attributes
-    match the keys of this dictionary.
-
-    Core metadata fields that can be specified multiple times are stored as a
-    list or dict depending on which is appropriate for the field. Any fields
-    which hold multiple values in a single field are stored as a list.
-
-    """
-
-    # Metadata 1.0 - PEP 241
-    metadata_version: str
-    name: str
-    version: str
-    platforms: List[str]
-    summary: str
-    description: str
-    keywords: List[str]
-    home_page: str
-    author: str
-    author_email: str
-    license: str
-
-    # Metadata 1.1 - PEP 314
-    supported_platforms: List[str]
-    download_url: str
-    classifiers: List[str]
-    requires: List[str]
-    provides: List[str]
-    obsoletes: List[str]
-
-    # Metadata 1.2 - PEP 345
-    maintainer: str
-    maintainer_email: str
-    requires_dist: List[str]
-    provides_dist: List[str]
-    obsoletes_dist: List[str]
-    requires_python: str
-    requires_external: List[str]
-    project_urls: Dict[str, str]
-
-    # Metadata 2.0
-    # PEP 426 attempted to completely revamp the metadata format
-    # but got stuck without ever being able to build consensus on
-    # it and ultimately ended up withdrawn.
-    #
-    # However, a number of tools had started emitting METADATA with
-    # `2.0` Metadata-Version, so for historical reasons, this version
-    # was skipped.
-
-    # Metadata 2.1 - PEP 566
-    description_content_type: str
-    provides_extra: List[str]
-
-    # Metadata 2.2 - PEP 643
-    dynamic: List[str]
-
-    # Metadata 2.3 - PEP 685
-    # No new fields were added in PEP 685, just some edge case were
-    # tightened up to provide better interoperability.
-
-
-_STRING_FIELDS = {
-    "author",
-    "author_email",
-    "description",
-    "description_content_type",
-    "download_url",
-    "home_page",
-    "license",
-    "maintainer",
-    "maintainer_email",
-    "metadata_version",
-    "name",
-    "requires_python",
-    "summary",
-    "version",
-}
-
-_LIST_FIELDS = {
-    "classifiers",
-    "dynamic",
-    "obsoletes",
-    "obsoletes_dist",
-    "platforms",
-    "provides",
-    "provides_dist",
-    "provides_extra",
-    "requires",
-    "requires_dist",
-    "requires_external",
-    "supported_platforms",
-}
-
-_DICT_FIELDS = {
-    "project_urls",
-}
-
-
-def _parse_keywords(data: str) -> List[str]:
-    """Split a string of comma-separate keyboards into a list of keywords."""
-    return [k.strip() for k in data.split(",")]
-
-
-def _parse_project_urls(data: List[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
-    """Parse a list of label/URL string pairings separated by a comma."""
-    urls = {}
-    for pair in data:
-        # Our logic is slightly tricky here as we want to try and do
-        # *something* reasonable with malformed data.
-        #
-        # The main thing that we have to worry about, is data that does
-        # not have a ',' at all to split the label from the Value. There
-        # isn't a singular right answer here, and we will fail validation
-        # later on (if the caller is validating) so it doesn't *really*
-        # matter, but since the missing value has to be an empty str
-        # and our return value is dict[str, str], if we let the key
-        # be the missing value, then they'd have multiple '' values that
-        # overwrite each other in a accumulating dict.
-        #
-        # The other potential issue is that it's possible to have the
-        # same label multiple times in the metadata, with no solid "right"
-        # answer with what to do in that case. As such, we'll do the only
-        # thing we can, which is treat the field as unparsable and add it
-        # to our list of unparsed fields.
-        parts = [p.strip() for p in pair.split(",", 1)]
-        parts.extend([""] * (max(0, 2 - len(parts))))  # Ensure 2 items
-
-        # TODO: The spec doesn't say anything about if the keys should be
-        #       considered case sensitive or not... logically they should
-        #       be case-preserving and case-insensitive, but doing that
-        #       would open up more cases where we might have duplicate
-        #       entries.
-        label, url = parts
-        if label in urls:
-            # The label already exists in our set of urls, so this field
-            # is unparsable, and we can just add the whole thing to our
-            # unparsable data and stop processing it.
-            raise KeyError("duplicate labels in project urls")
-        urls[label] = url
-
-    return urls
-
-
-def _get_payload(msg: email.message.Message, source: Union[bytes, str]) -> str:
-    """Get the body of the message."""
-    # If our source is a str, then our caller has managed encodings for us,
-    # and we don't need to deal with it.
-    if isinstance(source, str):
-        payload: str = msg.get_payload()
-        return payload
-    # If our source is a bytes, then we're managing the encoding and we need
-    # to deal with it.
-    else:
-        bpayload: bytes = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
-        try:
-            return bpayload.decode("utf8", "strict")
-        except UnicodeDecodeError:
-            raise ValueError("payload in an invalid encoding")
-
-
-# The various parse_FORMAT functions here are intended to be as lenient as
-# possible in their parsing, while still returning a correctly typed
-# RawMetadata.
-#
-# To aid in this, we also generally want to do as little touching of the
-# data as possible, except where there are possibly some historic holdovers
-# that make valid data awkward to work with.
-#
-# While this is a lower level, intermediate format than our ``Metadata``
-# class, some light touch ups can make a massive difference in usability.
-
-# Map METADATA fields to RawMetadata.
-_EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING = {
-    "author": "author",
-    "author-email": "author_email",
-    "classifier": "classifiers",
-    "description": "description",
-    "description-content-type": "description_content_type",
-    "download-url": "download_url",
-    "dynamic": "dynamic",
-    "home-page": "home_page",
-    "keywords": "keywords",
-    "license": "license",
-    "maintainer": "maintainer",
-    "maintainer-email": "maintainer_email",
-    "metadata-version": "metadata_version",
-    "name": "name",
-    "obsoletes": "obsoletes",
-    "obsoletes-dist": "obsoletes_dist",
-    "platform": "platforms",
-    "project-url": "project_urls",
-    "provides": "provides",
-    "provides-dist": "provides_dist",
-    "provides-extra": "provides_extra",
-    "requires": "requires",
-    "requires-dist": "requires_dist",
-    "requires-external": "requires_external",
-    "requires-python": "requires_python",
-    "summary": "summary",
-    "supported-platform": "supported_platforms",
-    "version": "version",
-}
-_RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING = {raw: email for email, raw in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING.items()}
-
-
-def parse_email(data: Union[bytes, str]) -> Tuple[RawMetadata, Dict[str, List[str]]]:
-    """Parse a distribution's metadata stored as email headers (e.g. from ``METADATA``).
-
-    This function returns a two-item tuple of dicts. The first dict is of
-    recognized fields from the core metadata specification. Fields that can be
-    parsed and translated into Python's built-in types are converted
-    appropriately. All other fields are left as-is. Fields that are allowed to
-    appear multiple times are stored as lists.
-
-    The second dict contains all other fields from the metadata. This includes
-    any unrecognized fields. It also includes any fields which are expected to
-    be parsed into a built-in type but were not formatted appropriately. Finally,
-    any fields that are expected to appear only once but are repeated are
-    included in this dict.
-
-    """
-    raw: Dict[str, Union[str, List[str], Dict[str, str]]] = {}
-    unparsed: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
-
-    if isinstance(data, str):
-        parsed = email.parser.Parser(policy=email.policy.compat32).parsestr(data)
-    else:
-        parsed = email.parser.BytesParser(policy=email.policy.compat32).parsebytes(data)
-
-    # We have to wrap parsed.keys() in a set, because in the case of multiple
-    # values for a key (a list), the key will appear multiple times in the
-    # list of keys, but we're avoiding that by using get_all().
-    for name in frozenset(parsed.keys()):
-        # Header names in RFC are case insensitive, so we'll normalize to all
-        # lower case to make comparisons easier.
-        name = name.lower()
-
-        # We use get_all() here, even for fields that aren't multiple use,
-        # because otherwise someone could have e.g. two Name fields, and we
-        # would just silently ignore it rather than doing something about it.
-        headers = parsed.get_all(name) or []
-
-        # The way the email module works when parsing bytes is that it
-        # unconditionally decodes the bytes as ascii using the surrogateescape
-        # handler. When you pull that data back out (such as with get_all() ),
-        # it looks to see if the str has any surrogate escapes, and if it does
-        # it wraps it in a Header object instead of returning the string.
-        #
-        # As such, we'll look for those Header objects, and fix up the encoding.
-        value = []
-        # Flag if we have run into any issues processing the headers, thus
-        # signalling that the data belongs in 'unparsed'.
-        valid_encoding = True
-        for h in headers:
-            # It's unclear if this can return more types than just a Header or
-            # a str, so we'll just assert here to make sure.
-            assert isinstance(h, (email.header.Header, str))
-
-            # If it's a header object, we need to do our little dance to get
-            # the real data out of it. In cases where there is invalid data
-            # we're going to end up with mojibake, but there's no obvious, good
-            # way around that without reimplementing parts of the Header object
-            # ourselves.
-            #
-            # That should be fine since, if mojibacked happens, this key is
-            # going into the unparsed dict anyways.
-            if isinstance(h, email.header.Header):
-                # The Header object stores it's data as chunks, and each chunk
-                # can be independently encoded, so we'll need to check each
-                # of them.
-                chunks: List[Tuple[bytes, Optional[str]]] = []
-                for bin, encoding in email.header.decode_header(h):
-                    try:
-                        bin.decode("utf8", "strict")
-                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                        # Enable mojibake.
-                        encoding = "latin1"
-                        valid_encoding = False
-                    else:
-                        encoding = "utf8"
-                    chunks.append((bin, encoding))
-
-                # Turn our chunks back into a Header object, then let that
-                # Header object do the right thing to turn them into a
-                # string for us.
-                value.append(str(email.header.make_header(chunks)))
-            # This is already a string, so just add it.
-            else:
-                value.append(h)
-
-        # We've processed all of our values to get them into a list of str,
-        # but we may have mojibake data, in which case this is an unparsed
-        # field.
-        if not valid_encoding:
-            unparsed[name] = value
-            continue
-
-        raw_name = _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING.get(name)
-        if raw_name is None:
-            # This is a bit of a weird situation, we've encountered a key that
-            # we don't know what it means, so we don't know whether it's meant
-            # to be a list or not.
-            #
-            # Since we can't really tell one way or another, we'll just leave it
-            # as a list, even though it may be a single item list, because that's
-            # what makes the most sense for email headers.
-            unparsed[name] = value
-            continue
-
-        # If this is one of our string fields, then we'll check to see if our
-        # value is a list of a single item. If it is then we'll assume that
-        # it was emitted as a single string, and unwrap the str from inside
-        # the list.
-        #
-        # If it's any other kind of data, then we haven't the faintest clue
-        # what we should parse it as, and we have to just add it to our list
-        # of unparsed stuff.
-        if raw_name in _STRING_FIELDS and len(value) == 1:
-            raw[raw_name] = value[0]
-        # If this is one of our list of string fields, then we can just assign
-        # the value, since email *only* has strings, and our get_all() call
-        # above ensures that this is a list.
-        elif raw_name in _LIST_FIELDS:
-            raw[raw_name] = value
-        # Special Case: Keywords
-        # The keywords field is implemented in the metadata spec as a str,
-        # but it conceptually is a list of strings, and is serialized using
-        # ", ".join(keywords), so we'll do some light data massaging to turn
-        # this into what it logically is.
-        elif raw_name == "keywords" and len(value) == 1:
-            raw[raw_name] = _parse_keywords(value[0])
-        # Special Case: Project-URL
-        # The project urls is implemented in the metadata spec as a list of
-        # specially-formatted strings that represent a key and a value, which
-        # is fundamentally a mapping, however the email format doesn't support
-        # mappings in a sane way, so it was crammed into a list of strings
-        # instead.
-        #
-        # We will do a little light data massaging to turn this into a map as
-        # it logically should be.
-        elif raw_name == "project_urls":
-            try:
-                raw[raw_name] = _parse_project_urls(value)
-            except KeyError:
-                unparsed[name] = value
-        # Nothing that we've done has managed to parse this, so it'll just
-        # throw it in our unparsable data and move on.
-        else:
-            unparsed[name] = value
-
-    # We need to support getting the Description from the message payload in
-    # addition to getting it from the the headers. This does mean, though, there
-    # is the possibility of it being set both ways, in which case we put both
-    # in 'unparsed' since we don't know which is right.
-    try:
-        payload = _get_payload(parsed, data)
-    except ValueError:
-        unparsed.setdefault("description", []).append(
-            parsed.get_payload(decode=isinstance(data, bytes))
-        )
-    else:
-        if payload:
-            # Check to see if we've already got a description, if so then both
-            # it, and this body move to unparsable.
-            if "description" in raw:
-                description_header = cast(str, raw.pop("description"))
-                unparsed.setdefault("description", []).extend(
-                    [description_header, payload]
-                )
-            elif "description" in unparsed:
-                unparsed["description"].append(payload)
-            else:
-                raw["description"] = payload
-
-    # We need to cast our `raw` to a metadata, because a TypedDict only support
-    # literal key names, but we're computing our key names on purpose, but the
-    # way this function is implemented, our `TypedDict` can only have valid key
-    # names.
-    return cast(RawMetadata, raw), unparsed
-
-
-_NOT_FOUND = object()
-
-
-# Keep the two values in sync.
-_VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS = ["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
-_MetadataVersion = Literal["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
-
-_REQUIRED_ATTRS = frozenset(["metadata_version", "name", "version"])
-
-
-class _Validator(Generic[T]):
-    """Validate a metadata field.
-
-    All _process_*() methods correspond to a core metadata field. The method is
-    called with the field's raw value. If the raw value is valid it is returned
-    in its "enriched" form (e.g. ``version.Version`` for the ``Version`` field).
-    If the raw value is invalid, :exc:`InvalidMetadata` is raised (with a cause
-    as appropriate).
-    """
-
-    name: str
-    raw_name: str
-    added: _MetadataVersion
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        *,
-        added: _MetadataVersion = "1.0",
-    ) -> None:
-        self.added = added
-
-    def __set_name__(self, _owner: "Metadata", name: str) -> None:
-        self.name = name
-        self.raw_name = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[name]
-
-    def __get__(self, instance: "Metadata", _owner: Type["Metadata"]) -> T:
-        # With Python 3.8+, the caching can be replaced with functools.cached_property().
-        # No need to check the cache as attribute lookup will resolve into the
-        # instance's __dict__ before __get__ is called.
-        cache = instance.__dict__
-        value = instance._raw.get(self.name)
-
-        # To make the _process_* methods easier, we'll check if the value is None
-        # and if this field is NOT a required attribute, and if both of those
-        # things are true, we'll skip the the converter. This will mean that the
-        # converters never have to deal with the None union.
-        if self.name in _REQUIRED_ATTRS or value is not None:
-            try:
-                converter: Callable[[Any], T] = getattr(self, f"_process_{self.name}")
-            except AttributeError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                value = converter(value)
-
-        cache[self.name] = value
-        try:
-            del instance._raw[self.name]  # type: ignore[misc]
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-
-        return cast(T, value)
-
-    def _invalid_metadata(
-        self, msg: str, cause: Optional[Exception] = None
-    ) -> InvalidMetadata:
-        exc = InvalidMetadata(
-            self.raw_name, msg.format_map({"field": repr(self.raw_name)})
-        )
-        exc.__cause__ = cause
-        return exc
-
-    def _process_metadata_version(self, value: str) -> _MetadataVersion:
-        # Implicitly makes Metadata-Version required.
-        if value not in _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid metadata version")
-        return cast(_MetadataVersion, value)
-
-    def _process_name(self, value: str) -> str:
-        if not value:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
-        # Validate the name as a side-effect.
-        try:
-            utils.canonicalize_name(value, validate=True)
-        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
-            )
-        else:
-            return value
-
-    def _process_version(self, value: str) -> version_module.Version:
-        if not value:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
-        try:
-            return version_module.parse(value)
-        except version_module.InvalidVersion as exc:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
-            )
-
-    def _process_summary(self, value: str) -> str:
-        """Check the field contains no newlines."""
-        if "\n" in value:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} must be a single line")
-        return value
-
-    def _process_description_content_type(self, value: str) -> str:
-        content_types = {"text/plain", "text/x-rst", "text/markdown"}
-        message = email.message.EmailMessage()
-        message["content-type"] = value
-
-        content_type, parameters = (
-            # Defaults to `text/plain` if parsing failed.
-            message.get_content_type().lower(),
-            message["content-type"].params,
-        )
-        # Check if content-type is valid or defaulted to `text/plain` and thus was
-        # not parseable.
-        if content_type not in content_types or content_type not in value.lower():
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{{field}} must be one of {list(content_types)}, not {value!r}"
-            )
-
-        if (charset := parameters.get("charset", "UTF-8")) != "UTF-8":
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{{field}} can only specify the UTF-8 charset, not {list(charset)}"
-            )
-
-        markdown_variants = {"GFM", "CommonMark"}
-        variant = parameters.get("variant", "GFM")  # Use an acceptable default.
-        if content_type == "text/markdown" and variant not in markdown_variants:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"valid Markdown variants for {{field}} are {list(markdown_variants)}, "
-                f"not {variant!r}",
-            )
-        return value
-
-    def _process_dynamic(self, value: List[str]) -> List[str]:
-        for dynamic_field in map(str.lower, value):
-            if dynamic_field in {"name", "version", "metadata-version"}:
-                raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                    f"{value!r} is not allowed as a dynamic field"
-                )
-            elif dynamic_field not in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
-                raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid dynamic field")
-        return list(map(str.lower, value))
-
-    def _process_provides_extra(
-        self,
-        value: List[str],
-    ) -> List[utils.NormalizedName]:
-        normalized_names = []
-        try:
-            for name in value:
-                normalized_names.append(utils.canonicalize_name(name, validate=True))
-        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{name!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
-            )
-        else:
-            return normalized_names
-
-    def _process_requires_python(self, value: str) -> specifiers.SpecifierSet:
-        try:
-            return specifiers.SpecifierSet(value)
-        except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(
-                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
-            )
-
-    def _process_requires_dist(
-        self,
-        value: List[str],
-    ) -> List[requirements.Requirement]:
-        reqs = []
-        try:
-            for req in value:
-                reqs.append(requirements.Requirement(req))
-        except requirements.InvalidRequirement as exc:
-            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{req!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc)
-        else:
-            return reqs
-
-
-class Metadata:
-    """Representation of distribution metadata.
-
-    Compared to :class:`RawMetadata`, this class provides objects representing
-    metadata fields instead of only using built-in types. Any invalid metadata
-    will cause :exc:`InvalidMetadata` to be raised (with a
-    :py:attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` attribute as appropriate).
-    """
-
-    _raw: RawMetadata
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_raw(cls, data: RawMetadata, *, validate: bool = True) -> "Metadata":
-        """Create an instance from :class:`RawMetadata`.
-
-        If *validate* is true, all metadata will be validated. All exceptions
-        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
-        """
-        ins = cls()
-        ins._raw = data.copy()  # Mutations occur due to caching enriched values.
-
-        if validate:
-            exceptions: List[Exception] = []
-            try:
-                metadata_version = ins.metadata_version
-                metadata_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(metadata_version)
-            except InvalidMetadata as metadata_version_exc:
-                exceptions.append(metadata_version_exc)
-                metadata_version = None
-
-            # Make sure to check for the fields that are present, the required
-            # fields (so their absence can be reported).
-            fields_to_check = frozenset(ins._raw) | _REQUIRED_ATTRS
-            # Remove fields that have already been checked.
-            fields_to_check -= {"metadata_version"}
-
-            for key in fields_to_check:
-                try:
-                    if metadata_version:
-                        # Can't use getattr() as that triggers descriptor protocol which
-                        # will fail due to no value for the instance argument.
-                        try:
-                            field_metadata_version = cls.__dict__[key].added
-                        except KeyError:
-                            exc = InvalidMetadata(key, f"unrecognized field: {key!r}")
-                            exceptions.append(exc)
-                            continue
-                        field_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(
-                            field_metadata_version
-                        )
-                        if field_age > metadata_age:
-                            field = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[key]
-                            exc = InvalidMetadata(
-                                field,
-                                "{field} introduced in metadata version "
-                                "{field_metadata_version}, not {metadata_version}",
-                            )
-                            exceptions.append(exc)
-                            continue
-                    getattr(ins, key)
-                except InvalidMetadata as exc:
-                    exceptions.append(exc)
-
-            if exceptions:
-                raise ExceptionGroup("invalid metadata", exceptions)
-
-        return ins
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_email(
-        cls, data: Union[bytes, str], *, validate: bool = True
-    ) -> "Metadata":
-        """Parse metadata from email headers.
-
-        If *validate* is true, the metadata will be validated. All exceptions
-        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
-        """
-        raw, unparsed = parse_email(data)
-
-        if validate:
-            exceptions: list[Exception] = []
-            for unparsed_key in unparsed:
-                if unparsed_key in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
-                    message = f"{unparsed_key!r} has invalid data"
-                else:
-                    message = f"unrecognized field: {unparsed_key!r}"
-                exceptions.append(InvalidMetadata(unparsed_key, message))
-
-            if exceptions:
-                raise ExceptionGroup("unparsed", exceptions)
-
-        try:
-            return cls.from_raw(raw, validate=validate)
-        except ExceptionGroup as exc_group:
-            raise ExceptionGroup(
-                "invalid or unparsed metadata", exc_group.exceptions
-            ) from None
-
-    metadata_version: _Validator[_MetadataVersion] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-metadata-version`
-    (required; validated to be a valid metadata version)"""
-    name: _Validator[str] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-name`
-    (required; validated using :func:`~packaging.utils.canonicalize_name` and its
-    *validate* parameter)"""
-    version: _Validator[version_module.Version] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-version` (required)"""
-    dynamic: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(
-        added="2.2",
-    )
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-dynamic`
-    (validated against core metadata field names and lowercased)"""
-    platforms: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-platform`"""
-    supported_platforms: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-supported-platform`"""
-    summary: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-summary` (validated to contain no newlines)"""
-    description: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()  # TODO 2.1: can be in body
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description`"""
-    description_content_type: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="2.1")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description-content-type` (validated)"""
-    keywords: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-keywords`"""
-    home_page: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-home-page`"""
-    download_url: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-download-url`"""
-    author: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author`"""
-    author_email: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author-email`"""
-    maintainer: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer`"""
-    maintainer_email: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer-email`"""
-    license: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-license`"""
-    classifiers: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-classifier`"""
-    requires_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[requirements.Requirement]]] = _Validator(
-        added="1.2"
-    )
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-dist`"""
-    requires_python: _Validator[Optional[specifiers.SpecifierSet]] = _Validator(
-        added="1.2"
-    )
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-python`"""
-    # Because `Requires-External` allows for non-PEP 440 version specifiers, we
-    # don't do any processing on the values.
-    requires_external: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-external`"""
-    project_urls: _Validator[Optional[Dict[str, str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-project-url`"""
-    # PEP 685 lets us raise an error if an extra doesn't pass `Name` validation
-    # regardless of metadata version.
-    provides_extra: _Validator[Optional[List[utils.NormalizedName]]] = _Validator(
-        added="2.1",
-    )
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-extra`"""
-    provides_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-dist`"""
-    obsoletes_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
-    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-obsoletes-dist`"""
-    requires: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """``Requires`` (deprecated)"""
-    provides: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """``Provides`` (deprecated)"""
-    obsoletes: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
-    """``Obsoletes`` (deprecated)"""