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diff --git a/node_modules/qs/README.md b/node_modules/qs/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd64e3c..0000000 --- a/node_modules/qs/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,758 +0,0 @@ -<p align="center"> - <img alt="qs" src="./logos/banner_default.png" width="800" /> -</p> - -# qs <sup>[![Version Badge][npm-version-svg]][package-url]</sup> - -[![github actions][actions-image]][actions-url] -[![coverage][codecov-image]][codecov-url] -[![License][license-image]][license-url] -[![Downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] -[](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/9058) - -[![npm badge][npm-badge-png]][package-url] - -A querystring parsing and stringifying library with some added security. - -Lead Maintainer: [Jordan Harband](https://github.com/ljharb) - -The **qs** module was originally created and maintained by [TJ Holowaychuk](https://github.com/visionmedia/node-querystring). - -## Usage - -```javascript -var qs = require('qs'); -var assert = require('assert'); - -var obj = qs.parse('a=c'); -assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'c' }); - -var str = qs.stringify(obj); -assert.equal(str, 'a=c'); -``` - -### Parsing Objects - -[](#preventEval) -```javascript -qs.parse(string, [options]); -``` - -**qs** allows you to create nested objects within your query strings, by surrounding the name of sub-keys with square brackets `[]`. -For example, the string `'foo[bar]=baz'` converts to: - -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar]=baz'), { - foo: { - bar: 'baz' - } -}); -``` - -When using the `plainObjects` option the parsed value is returned as a null object, created via `{ __proto__: null }` and as such you should be aware that prototype methods will not exist on it and a user may set those names to whatever value they like: - -```javascript -var nullObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { plainObjects: true }); -assert.deepEqual(nullObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } }); -``` - -By default parameters that would overwrite properties on the object prototype are ignored, if you wish to keep the data from those fields either use `plainObjects` as mentioned above, or set `allowPrototypes` to `true` which will allow user input to overwrite those properties. -*WARNING* It is generally a bad idea to enable this option as it can cause problems when attempting to use the properties that have been overwritten. -Always be careful with this option. - -```javascript -var protoObject = qs.parse('a[hasOwnProperty]=b', { allowPrototypes: true }); -assert.deepEqual(protoObject, { a: { hasOwnProperty: 'b' } }); -``` - -URI encoded strings work too: - -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a%5Bb%5D=c'), { - a: { b: 'c' } -}); -``` - -You can also nest your objects, like `'foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'`: - -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo[bar][baz]=foobarbaz'), { - foo: { - bar: { - baz: 'foobarbaz' - } - } -}); -``` - -By default, when nesting objects **qs** will only parse up to 5 children deep. -This means if you attempt to parse a string like `'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j'` your resulting object will be: - -```javascript -var expected = { - a: { - b: { - c: { - d: { - e: { - f: { - '[g][h][i]': 'j' - } - } - } - } - } - } -}; -var string = 'a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j'; -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse(string), expected); -``` - -This depth can be overridden by passing a `depth` option to `qs.parse(string, [options])`: - -```javascript -var deep = qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j', { depth: 1 }); -assert.deepEqual(deep, { a: { b: { '[c][d][e][f][g][h][i]': 'j' } } }); -``` - -You can configure **qs** to throw an error when parsing nested input beyond this depth using the `strictDepth` option (defaulted to false): - -```javascript -try { - qs.parse('a[b][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]=j', { depth: 1, strictDepth: true }); -} catch (err) { - assert(err instanceof RangeError); - assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Input depth exceeded depth option of 1 and strictDepth is true'); -} -``` - -The depth limit helps mitigate abuse when **qs** is used to parse user input, and it is recommended to keep it a reasonably small number. The strictDepth option adds a layer of protection by throwing an error when the limit is exceeded, allowing you to catch and handle such cases. - -For similar reasons, by default **qs** will only parse up to 1000 parameters. This can be overridden by passing a `parameterLimit` option: - -```javascript -var limited = qs.parse('a=b&c=d', { parameterLimit: 1 }); -assert.deepEqual(limited, { a: 'b' }); -``` - -If you want an error to be thrown whenever the a limit is exceeded (eg, `parameterLimit`, `arrayLimit`), set the `throwOnLimitExceeded` option to `true`. This option will generate a descriptive error if the query string exceeds a configured limit. -```javascript -try { - qs.parse('a=1&b=2&c=3&d=4', { parameterLimit: 3, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); -} catch (err) { - assert(err instanceof Error); - assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Parameter limit exceeded. Only 3 parameters allowed.'); -} -``` - -When `throwOnLimitExceeded` is set to `false` (default), **qs** will parse up to the specified `parameterLimit` and ignore the rest without throwing an error. - -To bypass the leading question mark, use `ignoreQueryPrefix`: - -```javascript -var prefixed = qs.parse('?a=b&c=d', { ignoreQueryPrefix: true }); -assert.deepEqual(prefixed, { a: 'b', c: 'd' }); -``` - -An optional delimiter can also be passed: - -```javascript -var delimited = qs.parse('a=b;c=d', { delimiter: ';' }); -assert.deepEqual(delimited, { a: 'b', c: 'd' }); -``` - -Delimiters can be a regular expression too: - -```javascript -var regexed = qs.parse('a=b;c=d,e=f', { delimiter: /[;,]/ }); -assert.deepEqual(regexed, { a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' }); -``` - -Option `allowDots` can be used to enable dot notation: - -```javascript -var withDots = qs.parse('a.b=c', { allowDots: true }); -assert.deepEqual(withDots, { a: { b: 'c' } }); -``` - -Option `decodeDotInKeys` can be used to decode dots in keys -Note: it implies `allowDots`, so `parse` will error if you set `decodeDotInKeys` to `true`, and `allowDots` to `false`. - -```javascript -var withDots = qs.parse('name%252Eobj.first=John&name%252Eobj.last=Doe', { decodeDotInKeys: true }); -assert.deepEqual(withDots, { 'name.obj': { first: 'John', last: 'Doe' }}); -``` - -Option `allowEmptyArrays` can be used to allow empty array values in an object -```javascript -var withEmptyArrays = qs.parse('foo[]&bar=baz', { allowEmptyArrays: true }); -assert.deepEqual(withEmptyArrays, { foo: [], bar: 'baz' }); -``` - -Option `duplicates` can be used to change the behavior when duplicate keys are encountered -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz'), { foo: ['bar', 'baz'] }); -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'combine' }), { foo: ['bar', 'baz'] }); -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'first' }), { foo: 'bar' }); -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('foo=bar&foo=baz', { duplicates: 'last' }), { foo: 'baz' }); -``` - -Note that keys with bracket notation (`[]`) always combine into arrays, regardless of the `duplicates` setting: -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=1&a=2&b[]=1&b[]=2', { duplicates: 'last' }), { a: '2', b: ['1', '2'] }); -``` - -If you have to deal with legacy browsers or services, there's also support for decoding percent-encoded octets as iso-8859-1: - -```javascript -var oldCharset = qs.parse('a=%A7', { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }); -assert.deepEqual(oldCharset, { a: '§' }); -``` - -Some services add an initial `utf8=✓` value to forms so that old Internet Explorer versions are more likely to submit the form as utf-8. -Additionally, the server can check the value against wrong encodings of the checkmark character and detect that a query string or `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body was *not* sent as utf-8, eg. if the form had an `accept-charset` parameter or the containing page had a different character set. - -**qs** supports this mechanism via the `charsetSentinel` option. -If specified, the `utf8` parameter will be omitted from the returned object. -It will be used to switch to `iso-8859-1`/`utf-8` mode depending on how the checkmark is encoded. - -**Important**: When you specify both the `charset` option and the `charsetSentinel` option, the `charset` will be overridden when the request contains a `utf8` parameter from which the actual charset can be deduced. -In that sense the `charset` will behave as the default charset rather than the authoritative charset. - -```javascript -var detectedAsUtf8 = qs.parse('utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%C3%B8', { - charset: 'iso-8859-1', - charsetSentinel: true -}); -assert.deepEqual(detectedAsUtf8, { a: 'ø' }); - -// Browsers encode the checkmark as ✓ when submitting as iso-8859-1: -var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%F8', { - charset: 'utf-8', - charsetSentinel: true -}); -assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: 'ø' }); -``` - -If you want to decode the `&#...;` syntax to the actual character, you can specify the `interpretNumericEntities` option as well: - -```javascript -var detectedAsIso8859_1 = qs.parse('a=%26%239786%3B', { - charset: 'iso-8859-1', - interpretNumericEntities: true -}); -assert.deepEqual(detectedAsIso8859_1, { a: '☺' }); -``` - -It also works when the charset has been detected in `charsetSentinel` mode. - -### Parsing Arrays - -**qs** can also parse arrays using a similar `[]` notation: - -```javascript -var withArray = qs.parse('a[]=b&a[]=c'); -assert.deepEqual(withArray, { a: ['b', 'c'] }); -``` - -You may specify an index as well: - -```javascript -var withIndexes = qs.parse('a[1]=c&a[0]=b'); -assert.deepEqual(withIndexes, { a: ['b', 'c'] }); -``` - -Note that the only difference between an index in an array and a key in an object is that the value between the brackets must be a number to create an array. -When creating arrays with specific indices, **qs** will compact a sparse array to only the existing values preserving their order: - -```javascript -var noSparse = qs.parse('a[1]=b&a[15]=c'); -assert.deepEqual(noSparse, { a: ['b', 'c'] }); -``` - -You may also use `allowSparse` option to parse sparse arrays: - -```javascript -var sparseArray = qs.parse('a[1]=2&a[3]=5', { allowSparse: true }); -assert.deepEqual(sparseArray, { a: [, '2', , '5'] }); -``` - -Note that an empty string is also a value, and will be preserved: - -```javascript -var withEmptyString = qs.parse('a[]=&a[]=b'); -assert.deepEqual(withEmptyString, { a: ['', 'b'] }); - -var withIndexedEmptyString = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[1]=&a[2]=c'); -assert.deepEqual(withIndexedEmptyString, { a: ['b', '', 'c'] }); -``` - -**qs** will also limit arrays to a maximum of `20` elements. -Any array members with an index of `20` or greater will instead be converted to an object with the index as the key. -This is needed to handle cases when someone sent, for example, `a[999999999]` and it will take significant time to iterate over this huge array. - -```javascript -var withMaxIndex = qs.parse('a[100]=b'); -assert.deepEqual(withMaxIndex, { a: { '100': 'b' } }); -``` - -This limit can be overridden by passing an `arrayLimit` option: - -```javascript -var withArrayLimit = qs.parse('a[1]=b', { arrayLimit: 0 }); -assert.deepEqual(withArrayLimit, { a: { '1': 'b' } }); -``` - -If you want to throw an error whenever the array limit is exceeded, set the `throwOnLimitExceeded` option to `true`. This option will generate a descriptive error if the query string exceeds a configured limit. -```javascript -try { - qs.parse('a[1]=b', { arrayLimit: 0, throwOnLimitExceeded: true }); -} catch (err) { - assert(err instanceof Error); - assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Array limit exceeded. Only 0 elements allowed in an array.'); -} -``` - -When `throwOnLimitExceeded` is set to `false` (default), **qs** will parse up to the specified `arrayLimit` and if the limit is exceeded, the array will instead be converted to an object with the index as the key - -To prevent array syntax (`a[]`, `a[0]`) from being parsed as arrays, set `parseArrays` to `false`. -Note that duplicate keys (e.g. `a=b&a=c`) may still produce arrays when `duplicates` is `'combine'` (the default). - -```javascript -var noParsingArrays = qs.parse('a[]=b', { parseArrays: false }); -assert.deepEqual(noParsingArrays, { a: { '0': 'b' } }); -``` - -If you mix notations, **qs** will merge the two items into an object: - -```javascript -var mixedNotation = qs.parse('a[0]=b&a[b]=c'); -assert.deepEqual(mixedNotation, { a: { '0': 'b', b: 'c' } }); -``` - -When a key appears as both a plain value and an object, **qs** will by default wrap the conflicting values in an array (`strictMerge` defaults to `true`): - -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=d'), { a: [{ b: 'c' }, 'd'] }); -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a=d&a[b]=c'), { a: ['d', { b: 'c' }] }); -``` - -To restore the legacy behavior (where the primitive is used as a key with value `true`), set `strictMerge` to `false`: - -```javascript -assert.deepEqual(qs.parse('a[b]=c&a=d', { strictMerge: false }), { a: { b: 'c', d: true } }); -``` - -You can also create arrays of objects: - -```javascript -var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a[][b]=c'); -assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: [{ b: 'c' }] }); -``` - -Some people use comma to join array, **qs** can parse it: -```javascript -var arraysOfObjects = qs.parse('a=b,c', { comma: true }) -assert.deepEqual(arraysOfObjects, { a: ['b', 'c'] }) -``` -(_this cannot convert nested objects, such as `a={b:1},{c:d}`_) - -### Parsing primitive/scalar values (numbers, booleans, null, etc) - -By default, all values are parsed as strings. -This behavior will not change and is explained in [issue #91](https://github.com/ljharb/qs/issues/91). - -```javascript -var primitiveValues = qs.parse('a=15&b=true&c=null'); -assert.deepEqual(primitiveValues, { a: '15', b: 'true', c: 'null' }); -``` - -If you wish to auto-convert values which look like numbers, booleans, and other values into their primitive counterparts, you can use the [query-types Express JS middleware](https://github.com/xpepermint/query-types) which will auto-convert all request query parameters. - -### Stringifying - -[](#preventEval) -```javascript -qs.stringify(object, [options]); -``` - -When stringifying, **qs** by default URI encodes output. Objects are stringified as you would expect: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b' }), 'a=b'); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }), 'a%5Bb%5D=c'); -``` - -This encoding can be disabled by setting the `encode` option to `false`: - -```javascript -var unencoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encode: false }); -assert.equal(unencoded, 'a[b]=c'); -``` - -Encoding can be disabled for keys by setting the `encodeValuesOnly` option to `true`: -```javascript -var encodedValues = qs.stringify( - { a: 'b', c: ['d', 'e=f'], f: [['g'], ['h']] }, - { encodeValuesOnly: true } -); -assert.equal(encodedValues,'a=b&c[0]=d&c[1]=e%3Df&f[0][0]=g&f[1][0]=h'); -``` - -This encoding can also be replaced by a custom encoding method set as `encoder` option: - -```javascript -var encoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encoder: function (str) { - // Passed in values `a`, `b`, `c` - return // Return encoded string -}}) -``` - -_(Note: the `encoder` option does not apply if `encode` is `false`)_ - -Analogue to the `encoder` there is a `decoder` option for `parse` to override decoding of properties and values: - -```javascript -var decoded = qs.parse('x=z', { decoder: function (str) { - // Passed in values `x`, `z` - return // Return decoded string -}}) -``` - -You can encode keys and values using different logic by using the type argument provided to the encoder: - -```javascript -var encoded = qs.stringify({ a: { b: 'c' } }, { encoder: function (str, defaultEncoder, charset, type) { - if (type === 'key') { - return // Encoded key - } else if (type === 'value') { - return // Encoded value - } -}}) -``` - -The type argument is also provided to the decoder: - -```javascript -var decoded = qs.parse('x=z', { decoder: function (str, defaultDecoder, charset, type) { - if (type === 'key') { - return // Decoded key - } else if (type === 'value') { - return // Decoded value - } -}}) -``` - -Examples beyond this point will be shown as though the output is not URI encoded for clarity. -Please note that the return values in these cases *will* be URI encoded during real usage. - -When arrays are stringified, they follow the `arrayFormat` option, which defaults to `indices`: - -```javascript -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }); -// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c&a[2]=d' -``` - -You may override this by setting the `indices` option to `false`, or to be more explicit, the `arrayFormat` option to `repeat`: - -```javascript -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'] }, { indices: false }); -// 'a=b&a=c&a=d' -``` - -You may use the `arrayFormat` option to specify the format of the output array: - -```javascript -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'indices' }) -// 'a[0]=b&a[1]=c' -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'brackets' }) -// 'a[]=b&a[]=c' -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'repeat' }) -// 'a=b&a=c' -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c'] }, { arrayFormat: 'comma' }) -// 'a=b,c' -``` - -Note: when using `arrayFormat` set to `'comma'`, you can also pass the `commaRoundTrip` option set to `true` or `false`, to append `[]` on single-item arrays, so that they can round trip through a parse. - -When objects are stringified, by default they use bracket notation: - -```javascript -qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } }); -// 'a[b][c]=d&a[b][e]=f' -``` - -You may override this to use dot notation by setting the `allowDots` option to `true`: - -```javascript -qs.stringify({ a: { b: { c: 'd', e: 'f' } } }, { allowDots: true }); -// 'a.b.c=d&a.b.e=f' -``` - -You may encode the dot notation in the keys of object with option `encodeDotInKeys` by setting it to `true`: -Note: it implies `allowDots`, so `stringify` will error if you set `decodeDotInKeys` to `true`, and `allowDots` to `false`. -Caveat: when `encodeValuesOnly` is `true` as well as `encodeDotInKeys`, only dots in keys and nothing else will be encoded. -```javascript -qs.stringify({ "name.obj": { "first": "John", "last": "Doe" } }, { allowDots: true, encodeDotInKeys: true }) -// 'name%252Eobj.first=John&name%252Eobj.last=Doe' -``` - -You may allow empty array values by setting the `allowEmptyArrays` option to `true`: -```javascript -qs.stringify({ foo: [], bar: 'baz' }, { allowEmptyArrays: true }); -// 'foo[]&bar=baz' -``` - -Empty strings and null values will omit the value, but the equals sign (=) remains in place: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: '' }), 'a='); -``` - -Key with no values (such as an empty object or array) will return nothing: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [] }), ''); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: {} }), ''); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: [{}] }), ''); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: []} }), ''); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: { b: {}} }), ''); -``` - -Properties that are set to `undefined` will be omitted entirely: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: null, b: undefined }), 'a='); -``` - -The query string may optionally be prepended with a question mark: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { addQueryPrefix: true }), '?a=b&c=d'); -``` - -Note that when the output is an empty string, the prefix will not be added: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({}, { addQueryPrefix: true }), ''); -``` - -The delimiter may be overridden with stringify as well: - -```javascript -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd' }, { delimiter: ';' }), 'a=b;c=d'); -``` - -If you only want to override the serialization of `Date` objects, you can provide a `serializeDate` option: - -```javascript -var date = new Date(7); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: date }), 'a=1970-01-01T00:00:00.007Z'.replace(/:/g, '%3A')); -assert.equal( - qs.stringify({ a: date }, { serializeDate: function (d) { return d.getTime(); } }), - 'a=7' -); -``` - -You may use the `sort` option to affect the order of parameter keys: - -```javascript -function alphabeticalSort(a, b) { - return a.localeCompare(b); -} -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'c', z: 'y', b : 'f' }, { sort: alphabeticalSort }), 'a=c&b=f&z=y'); -``` - -Finally, you can use the `filter` option to restrict which keys will be included in the stringified output. -If you pass a function, it will be called for each key to obtain the replacement value. -Otherwise, if you pass an array, it will be used to select properties and array indices for stringification: - -```javascript -function filterFunc(prefix, value) { - if (prefix == 'b') { - // Return an `undefined` value to omit a property. - return; - } - if (prefix == 'e[f]') { - return value.getTime(); - } - if (prefix == 'e[g][0]') { - return value * 2; - } - return value; -} -qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: { f: new Date(123), g: [2] } }, { filter: filterFunc }); -// 'a=b&c=d&e[f]=123&e[g][0]=4' -qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: 'd', e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 'e'] }); -// 'a=b&e=f' -qs.stringify({ a: ['b', 'c', 'd'], e: 'f' }, { filter: ['a', 0, 2] }); -// 'a[0]=b&a[2]=d' -``` - -You could also use `filter` to inject custom serialization for user defined types. -Consider you're working with some api that expects query strings of the format for ranges: - -``` -https://domain.com/endpoint?range=30...70 -``` - -For which you model as: - -```javascript -class Range { - constructor(from, to) { - this.from = from; - this.to = to; - } -} -``` - -You could _inject_ a custom serializer to handle values of this type: - -```javascript -qs.stringify( - { - range: new Range(30, 70), - }, - { - filter: (prefix, value) => { - if (value instanceof Range) { - return `${value.from}...${value.to}`; - } - // serialize the usual way - return value; - }, - } -); -// range=30...70 -``` - -### Handling of `null` values - -By default, `null` values are treated like empty strings: - -```javascript -var withNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }); -assert.equal(withNull, 'a=&b='); -``` - -Parsing does not distinguish between parameters with and without equal signs. -Both are converted to empty strings. - -```javascript -var equalsInsensitive = qs.parse('a&b='); -assert.deepEqual(equalsInsensitive, { a: '', b: '' }); -``` - -To distinguish between `null` values and empty strings use the `strictNullHandling` flag. In the result string the `null` -values have no `=` sign: - -```javascript -var strictNull = qs.stringify({ a: null, b: '' }, { strictNullHandling: true }); -assert.equal(strictNull, 'a&b='); -``` - -To parse values without `=` back to `null` use the `strictNullHandling` flag: - -```javascript -var parsedStrictNull = qs.parse('a&b=', { strictNullHandling: true }); -assert.deepEqual(parsedStrictNull, { a: null, b: '' }); -``` - -To completely skip rendering keys with `null` values, use the `skipNulls` flag: - -```javascript -var nullsSkipped = qs.stringify({ a: 'b', c: null}, { skipNulls: true }); -assert.equal(nullsSkipped, 'a=b'); -``` - -If you're communicating with legacy systems, you can switch to `iso-8859-1` using the `charset` option: - -```javascript -var iso = qs.stringify({ æ: 'æ' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }); -assert.equal(iso, '%E6=%E6'); -``` - -Characters that don't exist in `iso-8859-1` will be converted to numeric entities, similar to what browsers do: - -```javascript -var numeric = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charset: 'iso-8859-1' }); -assert.equal(numeric, 'a=%26%239786%3B'); -``` - -You can use the `charsetSentinel` option to announce the character by including an `utf8=✓` parameter with the proper encoding if the checkmark, similar to what Ruby on Rails and others do when submitting forms. - -```javascript -var sentinel = qs.stringify({ a: '☺' }, { charsetSentinel: true }); -assert.equal(sentinel, 'utf8=%E2%9C%93&a=%E2%98%BA'); - -var isoSentinel = qs.stringify({ a: 'æ' }, { charsetSentinel: true, charset: 'iso-8859-1' }); -assert.equal(isoSentinel, 'utf8=%26%2310003%3B&a=%E6'); -``` - -### Dealing with special character sets - -By default the encoding and decoding of characters is done in `utf-8`, and `iso-8859-1` support is also built in via the `charset` parameter. - -If you wish to encode querystrings to a different character set (i.e. -[Shift JIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS)) you can use the -[`qs-iconv`](https://github.com/martinheidegger/qs-iconv) library: - -```javascript -var encoder = require('qs-iconv/encoder')('shift_jis'); -var shiftJISEncoded = qs.stringify({ a: 'こんにちは！' }, { encoder: encoder }); -assert.equal(shiftJISEncoded, 'a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I'); -``` - -This also works for decoding of query strings: - -```javascript -var decoder = require('qs-iconv/decoder')('shift_jis'); -var obj = qs.parse('a=%82%B1%82%F1%82%C9%82%BF%82%CD%81I', { decoder: decoder }); -assert.deepEqual(obj, { a: 'こんにちは！' }); -``` - -### RFC 3986 and RFC 1738 space encoding - -RFC3986 used as default option and encodes ' ' to *%20* which is backward compatible. -In the same time, output can be stringified as per RFC1738 with ' ' equal to '+'. - -``` -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }), 'a=b%20c'); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC3986' }), 'a=b%20c'); -assert.equal(qs.stringify({ a: 'b c' }, { format : 'RFC1738' }), 'a=b+c'); -``` - -## Security - -Please email [@ljharb](https://github.com/ljharb) or see https://tidelift.com/security if you have a potential security vulnerability to report. - -## qs for enterprise - -Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription - -The maintainers of qs and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source dependencies you use to build your applications. -Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact dependencies you use. -[Learn more.](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-qs?utm_source=npm-qs&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=enterprise&utm_term=repo) - -[package-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/qs -[npm-version-svg]: https://versionbadg.es/ljharb/qs.svg -[deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs.svg -[deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs -[dev-deps-svg]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs/dev-status.svg -[dev-deps-url]: https://david-dm.org/ljharb/qs#info=devDependencies -[npm-badge-png]: https://nodei.co/npm/qs.png?downloads=true&stars=true -[license-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/l/qs.svg -[license-url]: LICENSE -[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/qs.svg -[downloads-url]: https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=qs -[codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/ljharb/qs/branch/main/graphs/badge.svg -[codecov-url]: https://app.codecov.io/gh/ljharb/qs/ -[actions-image]: https://img.shields.io/github/check-runs/ljharb/qs/main -[actions-url]: https://github.com/ljharb/qs/actions - -## Acknowledgements - -qs logo by [NUMI](https://github.com/numi-hq/open-design): - -[<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/numi-hq/open-design/main/assets/numi-lockup.png" alt="NUMI Logo" style="width: 200px;"/>](https://numi.tech/?ref=qs) |